PROGRAMME FOR PROMOTING SAFETY OF JOURNALIST
PROGRAMME FOR PROMOTING SAFETY OF JOURNALIST
News Network has initiated a project aimed at enhancing journalistsâ awareness and skills in digital security, physical safety, and gender-sensitive reporting funded by UNESCO â IPDC. The project is designed in align with the principles and goals of the United Nations Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity. Its primary objective is to improve journalistsâ understanding and abilities in both digital security and physical safety, creating a safer and more supportive environment for journalists and media workers in both conflict and non-conflict settings.
The project will target journalists, including reporters and media gatekeepers. Key activities will involve training of reporters and engaging media gatekeepers from regional and national print and broadcast media outlets. Approximately 105 journalists will be benefitted from the initiative, which will take place in four divisional headquarters â Dhaka, Khulna, Rajshahi, and Rangpur.
COLLABORATIVE ACTION FOR FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION (CAFE)
COLLABORATIVE ACTION FOR FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION (CAFE)
Freedom of Expression (FoE) is crucial for empowering individuals and fostering development of a nation. It encompasses the right to speak, to be heard, and to participate in political, artistic, and social spheres. FoE also includes the âright to knowâ which ensures the ability to seek, receive, and share information through any form of media. It is the freedom to hold and voice opinions on significant issues, access to information, and hold those in power accountable. It plays an important role in healthy development of a society. In line with this, News Network, with support from Internews, has initiated a fifteen-month project titled Collaborative Action for Freedom of Expression (CAFE). The project aims to strengthen collaboration between journalists and civil society organizations (CSOs) to advance freedom of expression and advocate for reforms in laws and policies. The initiative will be implemented in all divisional headquarters and key districts. The objectives of the project are: (i) enhance the capacity of civil society to document restrictions on freedom of expression (ii) support multi-stakeholder efforts to generate public demand and raise awareness among policymakers about the need to reform restrictive laws impacting freedom of expression and (iii) equip journalists and CSOs with essential safety knowledge and skills to help them prepare for and respond to any threat while discharging professional duties.
Strengthening Capacity of Media to Promote Democracy
Strengthening Capacity of Media to Promote Democracy
Supported by Internews
Period: 2023

News Network is implementing a project titled, âStrengthening Capacity of Media to Promote Democracyâ in several districts across the country with the support of Internews, an international media support nonprofit organization.
The main objective of this project is to enhance the capacity of national, regional, and local journalists for maintaining highest ethical standard, accuracy, and objectivity to promote democracy and good governance in the country.
The programme will add great value to each of local and national elections, particularly holding the upcoming national election in a free and fair manner. Its key activities include developing a group of trainers and train up journalists on election reporting. About 420 journalists, working for print and electronic media will be befitted from the project. Journalists will also be sensitized on electoral process, rules and regulations, role of election commission and the state of holding a free and fair elections, responsibilities of media and ethical issues of reporting.
Promoting advocacy and rights
Promoting advocacy and rights
Supported by: Counterpart International
Project period: 2023
News Network has signed a contract with the Counterpart International, aiming to improve the capacity of media people with a view to promoting advocacy and rights, particularly the issues related to good gov ernance, environmental pollution, urbanization and social inclusion of marginalized people. The programme, under the contract, will cover the capital city Dhaka and southern divisional city Khulna. Targeted beneficiaries will be mid-career journalists working for print and electronic media. The project, âPromoting Advocacy and Rightsâ is funded by the USAID
The activities include making journalists aware of the programme and its impact, improving their understanding, professional ability and encouraging them to report on the issues. It will also help to increase CSOs engagement to promote and protect rights and effective public services through media reporting. Eventually, the beneficiary of the actions are the mass people. This will also contribute value to achieve the country’s sustainable development goals (SDGs); 11, 14, 15, 16. **
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URL: https://engagemedia.org/2022/internet-shutdowns-south-southeast-asia/
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- āϏāĻžāϰā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ “200 OK” āĻŦāĻžāϰā§āϤāĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻžā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻā§ā§āĻŦāϏāĻžāĻāĻā§āϰ āĻĢāĻžāĻāϞāĻā§āϞā§āĻā§ āĻĄā§āĻāĻž āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āĻ āύāĻžāĻŽāĻ āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻŖā§āĻĄā§āϰ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻ āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻžā§ā§ˇ
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āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϰāĻŋāϤ āĻšā§ā§āĻā§ āϝā§, āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§ā§āĻŦāϏāĻžāĻāĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§ āĻ āύā§āĻ āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϤ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤ āϝāĻāύ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāύā§āĻāĻžāϰāύā§āĻ āĻļāĻžāĻāĻĄāĻžāĻāύ āĻāĻā§, āϤāĻāύ āĻāĻ āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύāĻā§āϞā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻā§ā§āĻāĻāĻŋāĻā§ āϞāĻā§āώā§āϝ⧠āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŖāϤ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤ āύā§āĻāĻā§āĻžāϰā§āĻā§āϰ āĻā§āύ āĻĒā§ā§āύā§āĻā§ āĻāύā§āĻāĻžāϰāύā§āĻ āĻļāĻžāĻāĻĄāĻžāĻāύ āĻāĻā§āĻā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāϰā§āϝāĻāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§ā§āĻāĻŋāϞ āϤāĻž āĻŦā§āϰ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻāύā§āĻāĻžāϰāύā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰ⧠āϤāĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻž āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāĨ¤
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āĻāύā§āĻāĻžāϰāύā§āĻ āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰ⧠āϤāĻžāϰ āϏāĻāĻā§āώāĻŋāĻĒā§āϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāϰāĻŖ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āϝāĻžā§, āĻ āύā§āĻāĻā§āϞ⧠āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻŽāĻŋāϞ⧠āĻā§āĻžāϰā§āϞā§āĻĄ āĻā§āĻžāĻāĻĄ āĻā§ā§āĻŦā§āϰ āĻ āĻŦāĻāĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§ āϤā§āϰāĻŋ āĻšā§āĨ¤ āύā§āĻāĻā§āĻžāϰā§āĻā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāύā§āύ āĻĒā§ā§āύā§āĻā§ āĻāύā§āĻāĻžāϰāύā§āĻ āĻļāĻžāĻāĻĄāĻžāĻāύ āĻāĻžāϰā§āϝāĻāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āϝā§āϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻāύā§āĻāĻžāϰāύā§āĻ āĻļāĻžāĻāĻĄāĻžāĻāύ āύāĻŋā§ā§ āĻāĻŦā§āώāĻŖāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻ ā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏā§āϏ āύāĻžāĻ, āĻāĻŋāĻāϏ’ āĻ āĻ āύā§āϝ āϏāĻāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āϞ⧠āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύāϞāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϤ āĻĒā§ā§āύā§āĻāĻā§āϞā§āĻā§ āĻļāĻžāĻāĻĄāĻžāĻāύ āĻāĻžāϰā§āϝāĻāϰ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŦāĻā§ā§ā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻĒā§ā§āύā§āĻ āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻŋāĻšā§āύāĻŋāϤ āĻāϰā§āĻā§:
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- āϏāĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āϞ āϏā§āĻĒāĻ (āĻāĻāĻ āϏā§āϞāĻĢā§āύ āĻāĻžāĻā§āĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻž āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻā§āĻ āĻāϞāĻžāĻāĻž): āĻāĻ āϏā§āϤāϰ⧠āύā§āĻāĻā§āĻžāϰā§āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻžāϤā§āϰ āĻĢāϞ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻŦ āϏā§āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻāϞāĻžāĻāĻžā§ āĻļāĻžāĻāĻĄāĻžāĻāύ āĻāĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāϤ⧠āĻļā§āϧ⧠āĻāĻ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āϏā§āϞāĻĢā§āύ āĻāĻžāĻā§āĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻā§āϰāĻžāĻšāĻāϰāĻž āĻā§āώāϤāĻŋāĻā§āϰāϏā§āϤ āĻšāύāĨ¤
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Greater internet freedom project
Supported by Internews and cooperated by EngageMedia
Period: 2022-2023

News Network with the support of Internews and in cooperation with EngageMedia has launched a Greater Internet Freedom project
in Bangladesh. The project is a part of Internews three-year global initiative programme. The programme has been going on since September 2020 and funded by US Agency for International Development with a view to strengthening the internet freedom in fifty countries. Its aims are to enhance digital security for civil society and media organizations, engage citizens in internet governance debates, and promote human rights online. Activities of News Network project include advocacy, offline-online discussion and developing media reporting to strengthen internet freedom, skill development of media people on digital security.
What is an internet shutdown? A guide for South and Southeast Asia civil society
This blog post has been produced by EngageMedia as part of the Greater Internet Freedom Program. Read the report titled âOpening up the Technical Aspects of Internet Shutdowns: Spotlight on South and Southeast Asia Casesâ here.
In todayâs digital society, internet access is essential in everyday life: from conducting business and financial transactions to communicating with others and learning online. When access to the internet is restricted â as has been the case in some South and Southeast Asian countries during times of social unrest â peopleâs lives are significantly disrupted.
What is an internet shutdown, and what happens when the government or other perpetrators impose them? Thereâs more to the definition than cutting off internet access entirely. Internet shutdowns can range from partially blocking access to certain websites to throttling internet speeds. Understanding the various kinds of shutdowns and how they are technically implemented is crucial in civil society efforts to draw attention to these rights-infringing measures and hold perpetrators accountable.
This article explains the different kinds of internet shutdowns, how they are implemented using existing technology, and how civil society groups respond to uphold free internet access.
Myths and misconceptions
Internet shutdowns tend to be associated with complete blackouts or are taken to mean the same thing as internet censorship. A crowdsourced definition from the #KeepItOn coalition defines an internet shutdown as:
[an] intentional disruption of internet or electronic communications, rendering them inaccessible or effectively unusable, for a specific population or within a location, often to exert control over the flow of information.
This definition shows that a shutdown is more than no connectivity. Mobile service disruptions, throttling or slowing down connections, or selectively blocking certain platforms are all considered internet shutdowns.
How about internet censorship? While internet shutdowns can be considered forms of censorship (because network disruptions prevent people from posting content or expressing themselves online), not all instances of internet censorship are considered shutdowns. According to Access Now, the difference lies in the primary purpose of the blocked platforms. The definition above highlights the disruption of electronic communications; if platforms that are designed for multi-way communications, such as WhatsApp, Facebook, and Twitter are blocked, these would be considered internet shutdowns. But when platforms that primarily publish content are blocked â such as news websites â these would be considered forms of internet censorship.
Common justifications for imposing internet shutdowns
Aside from censorship and information control, state perpetrators of internet shutdowns invoke various justifications for imposing these network disruptions. Deniz Duru Aydin, a former Policy Fellow at Access Now, lists some of the common government excuses:
- National security: This is the most common and vague justification for internet shutdowns. The irony is that people donât feel safe and secure when they have no access to information and are disconnected from their loved ones.
- Elections: Governments impose shutdowns supposedly to stop the spread of election-related disinformation. In reality, however, shutdowns hinder election monitoring and communications for journalists and poll watchdogs.
- Protests: Shutdowns are used during protests supposedly to maintain law and order, but these network disruptions block people from knowing the real situation.
- School exams: Implemented in an attempt to stop cheating, shutdowns disproportionately affect millions instead of the intended few.
- Visits by government officials: To keep government officials or foreign political leaders safe, governments opt to impose shutdowns, interfering with peopleâs rights to access information.
In recent years, these excuses have been invoked by governments in several South and Southeast Asian countries. The two regions are home to some of the top offenders in internet shutdowns, according to a report from Access Now. In 2021, 128 shutdowns were recorded in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, and Pakistan, although the true figures are likely higher.
India has consistently topped internet shutdown rankings, recording at least 665 internet shutdowns since 2012. Myanmar is also one of the top offenders, imposing at least 15 shutdowns in 2021 following the military coup. Amid public protests, the junta ordered the blocking of social media and internet access and, in recent years, has moved to reintroduce a draconian measure that would regulate the use of virtual private networks.
In Indonesia, West Papua made headlines over multiple shutdowns recorded in 2019, and in 2021 a court ruled that blocking internet access amid social unrest was lawful. Internet shutdowns have also been imposed multiple times in Bangladesh to quell protests, control instability over religious tensions, and prevent rumours and propaganda in the lead-up to the national elections. Similar network disruptions have been reported in Pakistan, particularly in its restive border regions; the Philippines during the 2015 Papal visit and other festivities; and Sri Lanka during recent protests stemming from an economic crisis.
How the internet works
Before getting into the technical aspects of internet shutdowns, itâs important to understand how the internet works. The Oxford Dictionary defines the internet as:
[a] global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols.
The internet is a computer cluster connected to a router, which is then connected to other routers managing clusters of connected computers. The internet service provider (ISP) connects these routers through wired or wireless connections. For end users to access the internet, they use web access software (internet browsers) on their computers to connect to servers, which are specialised computers that store data for webpages or apps.
When someone types a web address into their browser, several things happen in the background:
- The browser navigates to the domain name system (DNS) server and finds the internet protocol (IP) address of the server which hosts the website.
- Now that the browser knows the actual location of the website, it sends a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) request to the server, asking it to send the requested data to the client. This message, and all other data sent between the client and the server, are sent across the internet connection using Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)/IP.
- The server then sends a â200 OKâ message and sends the websiteâs files to the browser as a series of small chunks called data packets.
- The browser will assemble all the data packets into a complete web page to display it for the user.
As illustrated here, many components are involved when accessing a website. When an internet shutdown happens, several of these components are usually targeted. Understanding the structure of the internet and how it works is crucial to recognise at which points of the network an internet shutdown happens and how it was executed.
How internet shutdowns are technically implemented
As seen from the brief description of how the internet works, many components make up the infrastructure of the World Wide Web. Internet shutdowns can be implemented at various points of the network. Access Now, Jigsaw, and other organisations researching internet shutdowns have identified the following as some of the most common execution points:
- International internet backbone: Underwater optical fibre cable connections provide high-speed internet connectivity. If any damage or disruption occurs at this network point, all users and services hosted in the affected country will be impacted.
- Internet gateway: This plays a very important role in internet connectivity in a country as it connects international internet traffic to the local network.
- National and local internet service providers: ISPs provide internet connection to certain areas. If disruptions occur at this point, all users connected to the network will be affected.
- Single spot (single cellphone tower or specific small area): Network disruptions at this level result in a very targeted shutdown, as only the subscribers of the targeted cellphone tower will be affected.
How do perpetrators execute internet shutdowns? Is there an âonâ and âoffâ switch for the internet?
When the government controls the internet infrastructure (through state-owned service providers), it can restrict access on its own without going through another party. Otherwise, perpetrators order ISPs to restrict network connectivity or block certain websites. Depending on the aim of the network disruption, ISPs use one of the methods listed below:
- Fundamental infrastructure shutdown: This type of internet shutdown is caused by the failure of or damage to the physical communications infrastructure necessary for internet services. An example would be the physical destruction of a power grid or cellphone tower.
- Routing: Manipulating network routine works by altering the route information at key points (for example, international gateways) so that network traffic is blocked and does not pass beyond the controlled infrastructure.
- DNS manipulation: DNS is a naming system that translates human-readable domain names (like google.com) to machine-readable IP addresses (like 142.251.32.46). Manipulating DNS information can cause the shutdown of targeted services. This happens when DNS information is manipulated to direct users to either a non-existent server or a server controlled by the perpetrator.
- Filtering: In this type of shutdown, commercial filtering appliances and transparent proxy devices are used to block access to internet services. These filtering devices analyse the metadata from network traffic and then allow or block access based on that metadata.
- Throttling: In this type of shutdown, data flow through the network is restricted but not completely stopped. Access to the internet or particular services is slowed down to render the service or resource effectively unusable; for example, by downgrading mobile internet to 2G or capping data speeds.
- Deep Packet Inspection: In this type of shutdown, network data is inspected and screened. If the data packet is found to be non-compliant with the criteria set by the shutdown perpetrator, the data packet is blocked from passing through the inspection point.
- Denial of Service (DoS) attack: This attack is meant to shut down a machine or network, making it inaccessible to users. Fake traffic is sent to the targeted platform or server to keep it busy and prevent it from providing data to users.
Raising awareness on internet shutdowns
Several research institutions and civil society groups are tracking and monitoring internet shutdowns worldwide. This includes the Open Observatory of Network Interference (OONI), which developed a mobile app to measure the blocking of websites and publishes this data on the OONI Explorer. The Internet Outage Detection and Analysis (IODA) project monitors the internet to identify macroscopic internet outages affecting the edge of the network, while Censored Planet collects data in over 200 countries to determine the presence or absence of censorship. Through its Transparency Reports, Google publishes data on traffic to its products, documenting real-time access disruptions that indicate shutdowns. Several research reports and resources have also been released to document internet shutdown incidents worldwide, published by groups such as OONI, Access Now, and EngageMedia.
This work of monitoring and documenting internet shutdowns is crucial to raise public awareness and pressure authorities to hold perpetrators accountable for these rights violations. While governments justify internet shutdowns as necessary for national security and public order, these broad measures smother freedom of expression, hinder journalists and activists from doing their jobs, and have many economic, political, and social costs.
By documenting internet shutdowns and increasing public knowledge and awareness on circumventing and reporting access restrictions, digital rights advocates and civil society can more effectively strengthen ongoing efforts to resist this form of digital authoritarianism.
Capacity Development of Media People for Promoting Tolerant and Inclusive Society
The project is funded by UNDP
News Network with funding assistance from UNDP has launched a project â Capacity Development of Media People for Promoting Tolerant and Inclusive Society. The overall objective of the initiative is to promote Diversity for Peace in Bangladesh society. The project has undertaken several initiatives with a view to improving the professional ability of the media people particularly, journalists and potential young social media activists.
They will be given better understanding on the issues related to diversity and peace including impact of peaceful coexistence of all religious people and ethnic minorities and tolerance for mankind and prosperity. About 80 media people will benefited from the project. Their contribution in the media will make people aware about their rights for equality and live with dignity in an inclusive society.
ToT programme on Digital Safety and Security of Journalists held in Dhaka
ToT programme on Digital Safety and Security of Journalists held in Dhaka
#bdjournsafety
News Network, Dhaka (October 4, 2020): A three-day Training of Trainers (ToT) programme on âDigital and Physical Safety of Journalistsâ was held in Dhaka on September 27 -29, 2020. News Network organised the training programme with support from the Internews with a view to developing a pool of media experts in the area of digital technologies and physical security. A total of 15 mid-career journalists, including three females, representing various national and regional print and electronic media attended the 3-day residential programme held at CCDB-Hope Foundation at Savar in Dhaka.
Digital security and IT expert Ashraful Haque conducted the technical sessions on digital security which included safe use of internet and digital communications while senior journalist Goutam Mondal conducted the session on physical security.
During the programme the trainees learnt about the digital threats and risks, mitigation strategies and security best practices that can be used to improve a userâs digital hygiene and overall digital security.
As part of the best practices to protect information, news, sources and devices, participants attended the programme learnt how to protect emails and use internet safely, how to protect computer from malware and hackers and how to protect themselves from physical threats while gathering information.

The discussion also included how cookies work, what the safe internet websites are, how to remove internet browsing history, what incognito browsing is, anonymity network, effective use of pseudonyms, how to protect identity of email account user, encrypting mails and hard-drive, hiding information with VeraCrypt and creating strong passwords. The ToT programme engaged the participants in a comprehensive, multi-day distributive learning process, including mock demonstration, which will help building their knowledge and skills required to effectively train other journalists. This pool of experts will act as trainers for a two-day training event in their home region.
Internews â Bangladesh Country Representative Mainuddin Ahmed attended the inaugural programme as the guest of honour which was addressed among others by News Network Editor and CEO Shahiduzzaman and Internews â Bangladesh Programme Manager Shameem Ara Sheuli. News Network Editor Shahiduzzaman and Internews Programme Manager Shameem Ara Sheuli distributed certificates among the participants in the concluding session.
Speakers at the training programme stressed the need for increasing both digital and physical safety for journalists by equipping them with proper training and devices.
Participants, who attended the programme, were overwhelmed for the opportunity to learn and hone the new media skills and stressed the need for more such trainings to cope with the rising IT security threats. They also demanded to increase the duration of the programme.
âUnless I attend the training course I could not realise how important the subject is. I am now convinced and inspired and hope to apply the apply the knowledge in my professional works,â said Munina Munni, a senior journalist from The Financial Express.

Another participant from Chittagong also expressed his gratefulness terming the training very usefulness which he said would help immensely to face the challenges from both physical and digital threats. âI am now more confident and a different person than what I was before the trainingâ, said Shahnewaz Riton, Bureau Chief of an upcoming TV channel –UTV.
âTraining on digital security was a new learning for many of us that expanded our horizonâ, said Syed Mehedi Hasan, News Editor of Daily Matabad, from Barishal adding that it was an opportunity for them to learn about the digital safety and security and the technique to protect themselves from digital threats.
Strengthening The Capacity Of Journalists To Promote Freedom Of Religion And Peace
Strengthening The Capacity Of Journalists To Promote Freedom Of Religion And Peace
Project period: 2019- 2020
Funded by: Canadian High Commission
The High Commission of Canada to Bangladesh keeps continue its support to News Network in implementing a project on strengthening capacity of journalists to promote freedom of religion and peace.
The project has focused on news reporters who are working at remote rural districts and local media gatekeepers, including editors, executive editors, news editors, news-room editors of local newspapers and online news portals.

As part of the project activities, News Network sensitizes media professionals on the importance religious freedom and peace and improves their professional abilities.
With improved capacities, the media professionals will be able to publish quality news and feature items and raise awareness among the people for effective engagement of relevant stakeholders in countering intolerance and ensure peace in the society.